NZ RCT: Tiotropium dry powder (18 μg/day for 6 months) improved FEV₁, no effect on exacerbation frequency
Spanish RCT (ICS/LABA): Improved dyspnea, cough, and QoL
Dutch RCT (ICS/LABA): No clinical benefit for cough in non - asthma/COPD patients, study underpowered
短效支气管扩张剂
无RCT评估长期治疗
参考哮喘和COPD管理
某些情况可使用
合并症按相应指南治疗
No long - term RCTs in bronchiectasis; use extrapolated from asthma/COPD
BTS and ERS suggestions
Don't offer long - acting bronchodilators routinely
Individual therapeutic trial for breathless patients
Use before physiotherapy, mucoactive agents, or antibiotics
Treat asthma/COPD comorbidities per disease - specific guidelines
Bronchodilator reversibility may suggest asthma; no need for reversibility for long - acting benefit
Define inhalation sequence for multi - inhaler patients
长期抗炎治疗(≥3个月)
吸入糖皮质激素
Multiple RCTs: ICS (beclomethasone, budesonide, fluticasone) showed no significant benefit in stable bronchiectasis; associated with adverse effects
ICS/LABA RCTs: Spanish study (budesonide/formoterol) improved symptoms and QoL; Dutch study (beclomethasone/formoterol) had no benefit
Biomarker - guided approach: ICS may benefit asthma patients, those with high eosinophil counts
生物制剂
May benefit bronchiectasis patients with type - 2 inflammation (target IL - 5/IL - 5Rα or IL - 4/IL - 13 pathways)
Trials of benralizumab, dupilumab, itapekimab ongoing
阿托伐他汀
Two Scottish RCTs: Improved cough scores in non - chronic P. aeruginosa patients; more adverse effects but also improved QoL and systemic markers; insufficient evidence for routine use
罗氟司特
Thai RCT: No benefit on exacerbation rate, lung function, or QoL
胆钙化醇
Immunomodulatory; common deficiency in bronchiectasis
Meta - analyses: 400–1000 IU daily reduces acute respiratory infections; may benefit COPD patients with severe deficiency
抗中性粒细胞治疗方法
Early RCTs: Inconsistent effects; brensocatib (oral cathepsin - C inhibitor) showed benefits in phase - 2 trial
Phase - 3 ASPEN trial ongoing; AIRLEAF (BI - 1291583) study in progress
长期抗生素治疗(≥3个月)
吸入抗生素
批准用于CF(慢性铜绿假单胞菌感染),支气管扩张中为超说明书使用
Meta - analysis: Reduced exacerbation rate, severe exacerbations; improved QoL; increased antibiotic resistance
药物
妥布霉素:Reduced P. aeruginosa load; some studies reported culture - negative results and lower hospitalizations; no consistent exacerbation reduction
庆大霉素:Reduced exacerbation frequency; improved QoL
氨曲南:Limited benefit on QoL; more ADRs; post - hoc analysis linked QoL to pathogen load
环丙沙星:Some regimens reduced exacerbation risk; post - hoc analysis linked QoL to P. aeruginosa load
黏菌素:Reduced sputum load; improved QoL and exacerbation time
阿米卡星:Phase - 2 trial results only on ClinicalTrials.gov
理想患者:Chronic P. aeruginosa, high sputum load, severe recent exacerbations, high symptom burden
考虑因素:Device selection, drug deposition, adherence, inhaler - device combination, co - administration with systemic antibiotics
口服抗生素(包括大环内酯类)
大环内酯类
Three RCTs (azithromycin and erythromycin): Reduced exacerbation frequency; more GI ADRs; increased macrolide resistance
Meta - analyses: ~50% reduction in exacerbation rates; may improve QoL; azithromycin preferred
其他抗生素
Prolonged oral use (e.g., penicillin derivatives) with pulsed regimens proposed; limited evidence
Long - term fluoroquinolones as last option
Treatment selection: Individualized using patient - specific criteria; switch or combine therapies as needed